Codegate 2011 Quals - Binary 200

The question is:

Reverse Me!!

The binary is a console based PE file. Running the file produces no output due to a certain routine terminating the process before the "main()" function starts. Looking around the code the "sub_401130" function stands out due to initialization of a local array with various bytes. At the end of this function a decryption routine is called ("sub_401070") with the array as input. The decryption loop performs an XOR operation using the string's length as the key.

To obtain the answer a breakpoint was placed @ 0x00401494, which calls the "ExitProcess()" library function prior to "main()". Next, modify EIP to point to the start of the array initialization routine and execute until the decryption function is called. Let it do its XOR job and look at a local buffer once complete to get the answer string.

The answer is:

http://forensic-proof.com/archives/552

Codegate 2011 Quals - Forensics 300

The question is:

we are investigating the military secret's leaking. we found traffic with leaking secrets while monitoring the network. Security team was sent to investigate, immediately. But, there was no one present. It was found by forensics team that all the leaked secrets were completely deleted by wiping tool. And the team has found a leaked trace using potable device. Before long, the suspect was detained. But he denies allegations.

Now, the investigation is focused on potable device. The given files are acquired registry files from system. The estimated time of the incident is Mon, 21 February 2011 15:24:28(KST). Find a trace of portable device used for the incident.

The Key : "Vendor name" + "volume name" + "serial number" (please write in capitals)

Enumerate a timeline of USB activity from the backup system hive

...
Disk&Ven_Corsair&Prod_UFD&Rev_0.00,Thu Feb 17 04:41:02 2011,ddf08fb7a86075&0,Thu Feb 17 04:41:03 2011,Corsair UFD USB Device,
Disk&Ven_FM&Prod_Memorette_Swing&Rev_1.00,Thu Feb 17 06:38:21 2011,2008090256000000000000BE&0,Thu Feb 17 06:38:22 2011,FM Memorette Swing USB Device,
...

The enumeration shows all of the USB devices ever connected to the system. The registry last modified times are written the first time the device is connected, but are not updated when a device is subsequently connected.

Running a timeline on the registry (via "regripper"), we see that only one USB device is connected on Feb 21:

Mon Feb 21 06:24:21 2011Z HKLM\ControlSet001\Enum\WpdBusEnumRoot\UMB\2&37c186b&0&STORAGE#VOLUME#_??_USBSTOR#DISK&VEN_CORSAIR&PROD_UFD&REV_0.00#DDF08FB7A86075&0#\Properties\{80d81ea6-7473-4b0c-8216-efc11a2c4c8b}

From there, we know that the suspect device vendor is "CORSAIR" and the serial number of the device is "DDF08FB7A86075". Inspection of this registry path reveals that the default name of the device has been changed. The registry key "FriendlyName" has a value of "PR0N33R", which is the displayed volume name when the device is connected.

The answer is:

CORSAIRPR0N33RDDF08FB7A86075

Thanks to our team member tina for the solution.

Codegate 2011 Quals - Network 100

The question is:

This data is related to any attack.
calculate the md5sum of the intended file.

(calc md5 uppercase)

The provided binary is a PCAP file containing bunch of HTTP traffic and some SMB chatter. The question mentions an attack. Since it's heavy on HTTP usage then it made sense to get a list of all requests. Two strange requests stand out:

GET /H1A1.html HTTP/1.1
GET /H1A1.exe HTTP/1.1

Carving out (using Wireshark's "Follow TCP Stream" -> "Save As") the "H1A1.exe" response and removing the HTTP response header we end up with a regular PE file. Next, calculate its MD5 checksum and convert to upper case.

The answer is:

7A5807A5144369965223903CB643C60E

The Manifesto

+++The Mentor+++

Written January 8, 1986

Another one got caught today, it's all over the papers. "Teenager Arrested in Computer Crime Scandal", "Hacker Arrested after Bank Tampering"...

Damn kids. They're all alike.

But did you, in your three-piece psychology and 1950's technobrain, ever take a look behind the eyes of the hacker? Did you ever wonder what made him tick, what forces shaped him, what may have molded him?

I am a hacker, enter my world...

Mine is a world that begins with school... I'm smarter than most of the other kids, this crap they teach us bores me...

Damn underachiever. They're all alike.

I'm in junior high or high school. I've listened to teachers explain for the fifteenth time how to reduce a fraction. I understand it. "No, Ms. Smith, I didn't show my work. I did it in my head..."

Damn kid. Probably copied it. They're all alike.

I made a discovery today. I found a computer. Wait a second, this is cool. It does what I want it to. If it makes a mistake, it's because I screwed it up. Not because it doesn't like me... Or feels threatened by me.. Or thinks I'm a smart ass.. Or doesn't like teaching and shouldn't be here...

Damn kid. All he does is play games. They're all alike.

And then it happened... a door opened to a world... rushing through the phone line like heroin through an addict's veins, an electronic pulse is sent out, a refuge from the day-to-day incompetencies is sought... a board is found. "This is it... this is where I belong..." I know everyone here... even if I've never met them, never talked to them, may never hear from them again... I know you all...

Damn kid. Tying up the phone line again. They're all alike...

You bet your ass we're all alike... we've been spoon-fed baby food at school when we hungered for steak... the bits of meat that you did let slip through were pre-chewed and tasteless. We've been dominated by sadists, or ignored by the apathetic. The few that had something to teach found us willing pupils, but those few are like drops of water in the desert.

This is our world now... the world of the electron and the switch, the beauty of the baud. We make use of a service already existing without paying for what could be dirt-cheap if it wasn't run by profiteering gluttons, and you call us criminals. We explore... and you call us criminals. We seek after knowledge... and you call us criminals. We exist without skin color, without nationality, without religious bias... and you call us criminals. You build atomic bombs, you wage wars, you murder, cheat, and lie to us and try to make us believe it's for our own good, yet we're the criminals.

Yes, I am a criminal. My crime is that of curiosity. My crime is that of judging people by what they say and think, not what they look like. My crime is that of outsmarting you, something that you will never forgive me for.

I am a hacker, and this is my manifesto. You may stop this individual, but you can't stop us all... after all, we're all alike.

BIND 9 Dynamic Update DoS

Vulnerability described in CVE-2009-0696 is very easy to exploit and the consequences can be disastrous.

All it takes is a singled DNS UDP packet with Dynamic Update structure specially crafted for any Zone which the target server is Master and the named process will exit.

As stated by ISC BIND's update ACLs do not mitigate this vulnerability. Since this is UDP then source IPs can be spoofed and nearly impossible to track down. Even DNS infrastructures which are designed to expose only slave servers to the Internet can be vulnerable if any of them have Master Zones for netblocks mentioned in RFCs 1912 Section 4.1 and 1918 Section 3.

Anyone who wishes to audit their environment can utilize the following Python script. Make sure you have permission to test your targets!.

Given the criticality of this vulnerability several IDS vendors have released detection signatures. However, as of this writing the above script evades the following signatures: Sourcefire and Emerging Threats. Both groups will be notified with necessary information.

milw0rm is gone

This was on the site before it went down:

Well, this is my goodbye header for milw0rm. I wish I had the time I did in the past to post exploits, I just don’t :(. For the past 3 months I have actually done a pretty crappy job of getting peoples work out fast enough to be proud of, 0 to 72 hours (taking off weekends) isn’t fair to the authors on this site. I appreciate and thank everyone for their support in the past.
Be safe, /str0ke

PS: I'm keeping their link here for historical reasons.

Tornado exploit pack

Like most other exploit packs it's written in PHP with a MySQL backend. Control panel supports configuration options for several users (attackers).

Has the ability to control incoming traffic. It can either:

- Ignore
- Redirect
- Display custom page

based on several criteria such as:

- Country of origin
- Visitor uniqueness
- Vulnerable client
- Not vulnerable client

Displays several different statistics based on:

- Victim's Country
- Originating web site (referer)
- Exploits used
- Detailed Log (IP, time, browser, exploit used, infected (yes/no), and referer)
- Overall Summary - OS and Browser breakd down of traffic and exploit effectiveness

Exploit is delivered in the form of obfuscated javascript. Obfuscated ASCII encoded code and decryption function are delivered to the client as a single long line. This content is unique on every visit except certain parts of the decryption routine. Upon successful exploitation another request will be made to the exploit server to a different script which will deliver the binary to execute.



The following is a list of exploits available to the attacker, which can be individually selected to target:

- MDAC (RDS)
- WebViewFolderIcon.SetSlice
- VML
- MS06-044
- WMF Firefox
- WMF Opera 7
- QuickTime
- WinZip
- Zenturi
- Yahoo Webcam
- Opera 9 - 9.20
- XML Core Services
- Java bytecode
- ANI

Default script for exploit delivery is "count.php", while individual exploit modules are located in the "exploits/" directory with the following naming convention: "x#.php" where # is the numeric value starting with one (1).

Upon successful exploitation another request will be made to retrieve a binary for execution on victim's computer. By default the requested script will be "getexe.exe" with the following parameters:

?o= integer value to identify attacker
&t= integer value represents time the exploit was generated
&i= integer value represent IP address of victim
&e= integer value represents exploit number used

Following is the schema of the database:

CREATE TABLE `stats1` (
`ip` int(10) unsigned default NULL,
`time` int(10) unsigned default NULL,
`country` tinyint(3) unsigned default NULL,
`browser` tinyint(4) default NULL,
`version` varchar(8) default NULL,
`os` tinyint(4) default NULL,
`refdom` varchar(32) default NULL,
`status` tinyint(4) default NULL,
`loader` tinyint(4) default NULL,
`expl` tinyint(4) default NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=cp1251;

CREATE TABLE `users` (
`id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
`user` varchar(16) default NULL,
`pass` varchar(32) default NULL,
`premis` tinytext,
`options` tinytext,
`lasttime` int(10) unsigned default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=cp1251 AUTO_INCREMENT=1;